La estructura del "pasado simple" (Past Simple Tense) en inglés es
SUJETO + VERBO (TERMINACIÓN EN -ED O IRREGULAR)
Conjugación | Significado |
---|---|
I worked | yo trabajé |
you worked | tú trabajaste |
he worked | él trabajó |
we worked | nosotros trabajamos |
you worked | vosotros trabajasteis |
they worked | ellos trabajaron |
Construcción del pasado
Como norma general, para formar el pasado en inglés se añade "-ed" a un verbo.
work➜worked
Aunque hay que tener en cuenta unas consideraciones:
Verbos irregulares
Los verbos auxiliares
En inglés existen 3 verbos auxiliares y los 3 son irregulares:
Verbo | Formas en Presente | Pasado | Participio | Significado |
---|---|---|---|---|
to be | am, is, are | was, were | been | ser, estar (muy irregular) |
to do | do, does | did | done | hacer |
to have | have, has | had | had | tener |
Los verbos modales
Los verbos modales en inglés son irregulares.
Verbo | Formas en Presente | Pasado | Participio | Significado |
---|---|---|---|---|
can | can | could | been able* | poder (permiso o capacidad) |
may | may | might | been allowed to | poder (permiso o capacidad) |
must | must | had to* | had to* | deber (obligación) |
Los verbos irregulares un nivel de principiante
A continuación mostramos los verbos irregulares más importantes en inglés:
Verbo | Pasado | Participio | Significado | |
---|---|---|---|---|
become | became | become | llegar a ser | |
begin | began | begun | empezar | |
break | broke | broken | romper | |
bring | brought | brought | traer, llevar | |
build | built | built | construir, edificar | |
buy | bought | bought | comprar | |
catch | caught | caught | coger | |
choose | chose | chosen | elegir | |
come | came | come | venir | |
cost | cost | cost | costar | |
cut | cut | cut | cortar | |
drink | drank | drunk | beber | |
eat | ate | eaten | comer | |
fall | fell | fallen | caer | |
find | found | found | encontrar | |
get | got | got (British) gotten (American) | conseguir, obtener | |
give | gave | given | dar | |
go | went | gone | ir | |
know | knew | known | saber, conocer | |
learn | learned (USA) learnt (UK) | learned (USA) learnt (UK) | aprender | |
leave | left | left | dejar, abandonar | |
make | made | made | hacer, fabricar | |
mean | meant | meant | significar | |
pay | paid | paid | pagar | |
put | put | put | poner, colocar | |
read | read | read | leer | |
run | ran | run | correr | |
say | said | said | decir | |
see | saw | seen | ver | |
sell | sold | sold | vender | |
send | sent | sent | enviar | |
set | set | set | poner | |
sit | sat | sat | sentarse | |
sleep | slept | slept | dormir | |
speak | spoke | spoken | hablar | |
take | took | taken | coger | |
teach | taught | taught | enseñar | |
win | won | won | ganar | |
write | wrote | written | escribir |
Los Verbos Irregulares para un Nivel Intermedio
Ahora seguimos con los verbos irregulares frecuentes:
Verbo | Pasado | Participio | Significado | |
---|---|---|---|---|
draw | drew | drawn | dibujar | |
dream | dreamt | dreamt | soñar | |
drive | drove | driven | conducir | |
feed | fed | fed | alimentar | |
feel | felt | felt | sentir | |
fight | fought | fought | pelear | |
fly | flew | flown | volar | |
forbid | forbade | forbidden | prohibir | |
forget | forgot | forgotten | olvidar | |
hear | heard | heard | oír | |
hide | hid | hidden | esconder | |
hit | hit | hit | golpear | |
let | let | let | permitir | |
lie | lay | lain | tumbarse | |
light | lit | lit | encender | |
lose | lost | lost | perder | |
meet | met | met | encontrar | |
ring | rang | rung | llamar | |
rise | rose | risen | levantarse | |
seek | sought | sought | buscar | |
shake | shook | shook | agitar, estrechar la mano | |
shoot | shot | shot | disparar | |
show | showed | shown | mostrar | |
shut | shut | shut | cerrar | |
sing | sang | sung | cantar | |
spell | spelt (UK) spelled (USA) | spelt (UK) spelled (USA) | deletrear | |
spend | spent | spent | gastar | |
split | split | split | dividir, partir | |
swim | swam | swum | nadar | |
swing | swung | swung | balancear | |
tell | told | told | decir, contar | |
think | thought | thought | pensar | |
throw | threw | threw | tirar | |
wake | woke | woken | despertar | |
wear | wore | worn | llevar puesto |
Los Verbos Irregulares para Nivel Avanzado
Ahora mostramos los verbos irregulares no tan frecuentes en inglés:
Verbo | Pasado | Participio | Significado | |
---|---|---|---|---|
arise | arose | arisen | surgir, plantearse | |
bear | bore | born | dar a luz | |
beat | beat | beaten | golpear, vencer | |
bend | bent | bent | doblar, curvar | |
bet | bet | bet | apostar | |
bind | bound | bound | enlazar, atar | |
bite | bit | bitten | morder, picar | |
bleed | bled | bled | sangrar | |
blow | blew | blown | soplar | |
cast | cast | cast | lanzar | |
deal | dealt | dealt | negociar, tratar | |
fit | fit | fit | encajar, ajustar (ropa) | |
freeze | froze | frozen | helar | |
grow | grew | grown | crecer | |
keep | kept | kept | guardar | |
lay | laid | laid | poner | |
lead | led | led | dirigir, conducir | |
lean | leant (UK) leaned (USA) | leant (UK) leaned (USA) | apoyarse, recostarse | |
leap | leapt | leapt | saltar, brincar | |
slide | slid | slid | deslizar, resbalar | |
spread | spread | spread | difundir, extender | |
smell | smelt (UK) smelled (USA) | smelt (UK) smelled (USA) | oler, olfatear | |
steal | stole | stolen | robar |
Los Verbos Irregulares para Nivel Muy Avanzado
Listamos los verbos irregulares poco habituales:
Verbo | Pasado | Participio | Significado | |
---|---|---|---|---|
bid | bid | bid | pujar, intentar | |
breed | bred | bred | criar | |
broadcast | broadcast | broadcast | emitir | |
burn | burnt (UK) burned (USA) | burnt burned (USA) | quemar, arder | |
burst | burst | burst | explotar, estallar | |
dig | dug | dug | cavar | |
flee | fled | fled | huir de, escapar | |
hang | hung | hung | colgar | |
hold | held | held | agarrar, sostener | |
hurt | hurt | hurt | herir | |
kneel | knelt | knelt | arrodillarse | |
lend | lent | lent | prestar | |
mistake | mistook | mistaken | equivocarse | |
ride | rode | ridden | montar, cabalgar | |
sew | sewed | sewn | coser | |
shine | shone | shone | brillar, resplandecer | |
shrink | shrank | shrunk | encoger | |
sink | sank | sunk | hundir | |
spit | spat | spat | escupir | |
spoil | spoilt (UK) spoiled (USA) | spoilt (UK) spoiled (USA) | estropear, deteriorar | |
stand | stood | stood | estar de pie | |
stick | stuck | stuck | pegar | |
sting | stung | stung | pegar | |
strike | struck | struck | golpear, atacar | |
strive | strove | striven | esforzarse, procurar | |
swear | swore | sworn | jurar | |
sweat | sweat | sweat | sudar | |
sweep | swept | swept | barrer | |
tread | trod | trodden | pisar, caminar | |
weep | wept | wept | llorar |
La negación en el pasado simple
La formación de la negación en "past simple" es más sencilla que la afirmación.
Su estructura es:
[SUJETO] + did + not + [VERBO EN INFINITIVO (sin to)]
Os mostramos un par de ejemplos:
I did not sing
yo no canté
yo no canté
he did not sing
él no cantó
él no cantó
La interrogación en el pasado simple
Para construir la interrogación se utiliza el verbo auxiliar to do en pasado (did).
La Estructura es:
Did + [SUJETO] + [VERBO EN INFINITIVO (sin to)] ?
Conjugación | Significado |
---|---|
did I sing? | ¿canté? |
did you sing? | ¿cantaste? |
did he sing? | ¿cantó? |
did we sing? | ¿cantamos? |
did you sing? | ¿cantasteis? |
did they sing? | ¿cantaron? |
Si la interrogación tuviera una partícula interrogativa la estructura sería
[PARTÍCULA INTERROGATIVA] + did + [SUJETO] + [VERBO EN INFINITIVO]?
What did you sing?
¿Qué cantaste?
¿Qué cantaste?
Uso del pasado simple
El "past simple" se usa para:
- Acciones que comenzaron en el pasado y ya están terminadas.I ate an apple yesterday
Me comí una manzana ayer
Complementos Temporales
Usualmente con las oraciones en "pasado simple" es necesario detallar cuando se realizó la acción (de manera explícita o por el contexto).
Por ejemplo:
I played a match last week
Jugué un partido la semana pasada
Jugué un partido la semana pasada
Enumeramos algunos otros complementos temporales de este tiempo verbal a modo de ejemplo:
Complemento | Significado |
---|---|
yesterday | ayer |
two years ago | hace dos años |
in 2008 | en 2008 |
last year | hace un año |
on 01/01/2000 | el 01/01/2000 |
in July | en julio |
Ejercicios online Past Simple
http://www.ejerciciosinglesonline.com/exercises-and-theory/grammar-exercises-and-theory/past-simple/
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